Comparing observations to emissions#
In addition to observation files, ancillary data can also be added to an openghg object store which can be used to perform analysis.
At the moment, the accepted files include: - Footprints - regional outputs from an LPDM model (e.g. NAME) - Emissions/Flux - estimates of species emissions within a region - Boundary conditions - vertical curtains at the boundary of a regional domain - Global CTM output (e.g. GEOSChem)
These inputs must adhere to an expected format and are expected to minimally contain a fixed set of inputs.
At the moment, the expected format for these files is created through standard methods from within the ACRG repository.
NOTE: Plots created within this tutorial may not show up on the online documentation version of this notebook.
0. Using the tutorial object store#
To avoid adding the example data we use in this tutorial to your normal
object store, we need to tell OpenGHG to use a separate sandboxed object
store that we’ll call the tutorial store. To do this we use the
use_tutorial_store
function from openghg.tutorial
. This sets the
OPENGHG_TUT_STORE
environment variable for this session and won’t
affect your use of OpenGHG outside of this tutorial.
from openghg.tutorial import use_tutorial_store
use_tutorial_store()
1. Loading data sources into the object store#
This tutorial will create a temporary object store for the duration of this tutorial.
See Adding_new_data/Adding_observation_data.ipynb for more details and advice on how to create a more permanent object store. Once a permanent object store is set up, these steps would only need to be performed once. Any added data can then be retrieved using searches.
For this, we will add observation, footprint and flux data to the object
store. This data relates to Tacolneston (TAC) site within the DECC
network and the area around Europe (EUROPE domain). Here we’ll use some
helper functions fro the openghg.tutorial
submodule.
from openghg.tutorial import populate_surface_data, populate_footprint_inert, populate_flux_ch4, populate_bc_ch4
populate_surface_data()
populate_footprint_inert()
populate_flux_ch4()
populate_bc_ch4()
2. Creating a model scenario#
With this ancillary data, we can start to make comparisons between model
data, such as bottom-up inventories, and our observations. This analysis
is based around a ModelScenario
object which can be created to link
together observation, footprint, emissions data and boundary conditions
data.
Above we loaded observation data from the Tacolneston site into the object store. We also added an associated footprint (sensitivity map) and anthropogenic emissions maps both for a domain defined over Europe.
To access and link this data we can set up our ModelScenario
instance using a similiar set of keywords. In this case we have also
limited ourselves to a date range:
from openghg.analyse import ModelScenario
species="ch4"
site="tac"
domain="EUROPE"
height="100m"
source_waste = "waste"
start_date = "2016-07-01"
end_date = "2016-08-01"
scenario = ModelScenario(site=site,
inlet=height,
domain=domain,
species=species,
source=source_waste,
start_date=start_date,
end_date=end_date)
Using these keywords, this will search the object store and attempt to
collect and attach observation, footprint, flux and boundary conditions
data. This collected data will be attached to your created
ModelScenario
. For the observations this will be stored as the
ModelScenario.obs
attribute. This will be an ObsData
object
which contains metadata and data for your observations:
scenario.obs
To access the undelying xarray Dataset containing the observation data
use ModelScenario.obs.data
:
ds = scenario.obs.data
The ModelScenario.footprint
attribute contains the linked
FootprintData (again, use .data
to extract xarray Dataset):
scenario.footprint
And the ModelScenario.fluxes
attribute can be used to access the
FluxData. Note that for ModelScenario.fluxes
this can contain
multiple flux sources and so this is stored as a dictionary linked to
the source name:
scenario.fluxes
Finally, this will also search and attempt to add boundary conditions.
The ModelScenario.bc
attribute can be used to access the
BoundaryConditionsData if present.
scenario.bc
scenario.bc.data.attrs
An interactive plot for the linked observation data can be plotted using
the ModelScenario.plot_timeseries()
method:
scenario.plot_timeseries()
You can also set up your own searches and add this data directly.
from openghg.retrieve import get_obs_surface, get_footprint, get_flux, get_bc
# Extract obs results from object store
obs_results = get_obs_surface(site=site,
species=species,
inlet=height,
start_date="2016-07-01",
end_date="2016-08-01")
# Extract footprint results from object store
footprint_results = get_footprint(site=site,
domain=domain,
height=height,
start_date="2016-07-01",
end_date="2016-08-01")
# Extract flux results from object store
flux_results = get_flux(species=species,
domain=domain,
source=source_waste,
start_date="2016-01-01",
end_date="2016-12-31")
# Extract specific boundary conditions from the object store
bc_results = get_bc(species=species,
domain=domain,
bc_input="CAMS",
start_date="2016-07-01",
end_date="2016-08-01")
scenario_direct = ModelScenario(obs=obs_results, footprint=footprint_results, flux=flux_results, bc=bc_results)
You can create your own input objects directly and add these in the same way. This allows you to bypass the object store for experimental examples. At the moment these inputs need to be ``ObsData``, ``FootprintData``, ``FluxData`` or ``BoundaryConditionsData`` objects (can be created using classes from openghg.dataobjects) but simpler inputs will be made available.
One benefit of this interface is to reduce searching the database if the same data needs to be used for multiple different scenarios.
3. Comparing data sources#
Once your ModelScenario
has been created you can then start to use
the linked data to compare outputs. For example we may want to calculate
modelled observations at our site based on our linked footprint and
emissions data:
modelled_observations = scenario.calc_modelled_obs()
This could then be plotted directly using the xarray plotting methods:
modelled_observations.plot() # Can plot using xarray plotting methods
The modelled baseline, based on the linked boundary conditions, can also be calculated in a similar way:
modelled_baseline = scenario.calc_modelled_baseline()
modelled_baseline.plot() # Can plot using xarray plotting methods
To compare the these modelled observations to the observations
themselves, the ModelScenario.plot_comparison()
method can be used.
This will stack the modelled observations and the modelled baseline by
default to allow comparison:
scenario.plot_comparison()
The ModelScenario.footprints_data_merge()
method can also be used to
created a combined output, with all aligned data stored directly within
an xarray.Dataset
:
combined_dataset = scenario.footprints_data_merge()
combined_dataset
When the same calculation is being performed for multiple methods, the
last calculation is cached to allow the outputs to be produced more
efficiently. This can be disabled for large datasets by using
cache=False
.
For a ModelScenario
object, different analyses can be performed on
this linked data. For example if a daily average for the modelled
observations was required, we could calculate this by setting our
resample_to
input to "1D"
(matching available pandas time
aliases):
modelled_observations_daily = scenario.calc_modelled_obs(resample_to="1D")
modelled_observations_daily.plot()
To allow comparisons with multiple flux sources, more than one flux
source can be linked to your ModelScenario
. This can be either be
done upon creation or can be added using the add_flux()
method. When
calculating modelled observations, these flux sources will be aligned in
time and stacked to create a total output:
scenario.add_flux(species=species, domain=domain, source="energyprod")
scenario.plot_comparison()
Output for individual sources can also be created by specifying the
sources
as an input:
# Included recalculate option to ensure this is updated from cached data.
modelled_obs_energyprod = scenario.calc_modelled_obs(sources="energyprod", recalculate=True)
modelled_obs_energyprod.plot()
Plotting functions to be added for 2D / 3D data
4. Cleanup#
If you’re finished with the data in this tutorial you can cleanup the
tutorial object store using the clear_tutorial_store
function.
from openghg.tutorial import clear_tutorial_store
clear_tutorial_store()